Introduction: Diabetes Type II is considered as the heterogeneous group of the metabolic diseases which contribute to inducing chronic hyper-glycemic and other disorders concerned with the metabolism of carbohydrates, fat and protein. This disease is a result of disorders in either or both of secretion insulin and insulin function. It is characterized by the long-term symptoms of vessels, nerves, kidneys and eyes. The present research intends to investigate the influence of the selected aerobic exercises for eight weeks on platelet, aerobic power, TC/LDL ratio, TC/HDL ratio and fibrinogen in middle-aged male individuals with Diabetes Type II from Tabas.Materials and Methods: This is an applied research study of the method of Semi Experimental. Twenty subjects were randomly selected out of a population of 1500 persons ranging in age from 40 to 55 years old. The subjects’ rate of blood sugar was ranging between 120 and 250 deciliter. They were of the average height of 170 (165-175) centimeters and the average weight of 80 (75-85) Kilograms. The subjects’ Body Mass Index was estimated less than 25. They were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. The selected aerobic activities included: the 12-minute Cooper Test using Third Mill and Work-Meter Bike.Before starting the exercises and after 12 hours of fasting, ten milliliters of blood was bled from the arm vein of the subjects of both groups.Similarly, the second phase of bleeding was done after eight weeks of exercising. Paired t-Test was used to analyze the data. A significance level of p<0.05 was set for this research and the normality of data was tested using Kolamograph method.Results : The selected aerobic exercises do not have any significant effect on the rate of platelet (P>0.409), fibrinogen (P>0.985) and TG/LDL (P>0.900) ratio in the patients with Diabetes Type II, but it has a significant effect on TG/HDL ratio (P<0.000 (and the aerobic power (P<0.000).Conclusion : Physical activities with an intensity of 60% to 80% HRR have the desirable effects on some blood factors in the patients with Diabetes Type II. Therefore, it is recommended that diabetes specialists prescribe exercises as a supplementary treatment along with medicinal treatment.

In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive power dispatch method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

2Introduction: Endurance athletes are constantly seeking more effective methods to improve their performance. Various approaches and methods can lead to enhancements in performance, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, and have different effects on athletes across various sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects and comparative analysis of concurrent endurance and strength training on the aerobic and anaerobic capacity and maximal strength of male adolescent hockey players. Methodology: For this purpose, 50 professional hockey players from across the country were purposefully selected as the statistical sample. They were then randomly divided into five groups: strength, endurance, strength-endurance, endurance-strength, and control. After conducting a preliminary test, each of the four main groups engaged in their specific training program for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8-week training period, final tests were administered. Findings: The results of the study indicated a significant difference in aerobic capacity, maximal anaerobic power, and relative maximal strength of the upper and lower body of hockey players after 8 weeks of training in the different groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 19. Discussion and Conclusion: The implementation of combined strength and endurance training, which has recently attracted considerable attention from many sports researchers and coaches as a new training method, proved to be highly effective. It is presented as an efficient and effective training method for improving and developing aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, and maximum muscular strength in the sport of indoor hockey.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting (RF) on body composition, aerobic and anaerobic power and strength in elite wrestlers. Sixteen male elite wrestlers (age 20.12 ± 2.5 years, height 171 ± 8.4 cm and BF% 13.39 ± 4.94) participated in this study. The subjects were tested two times [3 days before the beginning of Ramadan (pre-RF) and the last 3 days of Ramadan (post-RF). Body composition was measured using the body composition analyzer, aerobic power by Bruce test and anaerobic power by RAST test. Strength was measured in 3 parts of body [Upper limb (bench press), leg (squat) and trunk (dead lift)]. Results of Paired-samples T test indicated that there were no significant changes in anaerobic power and strength of wrestlers before and after RF. Significant decreases were found in body composition and aerobic power between Pre-RF and post-RF. This study indicated that Ramadan fasting led to a decrease in aerobic power and body fat percentage. Anyway, Ramadan fasting had no adverse effect on the subjects. Athletes can save their physical capacity and sport performance with delicacy in choose in training type and volume, daily caloric intake and food type, body fluid and electrolytic balance, total sleeping hours.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of the consumption of Lcarnitine and selected exercises on aerobic power and blood lactate in young men. In this study, 30 nonathlete students of Shahid Rajaee University (mean age 22.63±1.75 yr, height: 176.47+6 cm, weight 72.33±10 kg and BMI: 23.17±2.6 kg/m2) participated in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: exercise, supplement and supplement+exercise.Exercises were performed with intervals for 4 weeks, 3 sessions (each session 60 minutes) per week with 65-80% MHR. Before the exercises and supplement consumption and after four weeks, the aerobic power was measured by Bruce test and blood lactate was measured by lactometer. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Levin test, dependent t test and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that L-carnitine improved the aerobic power, increased exhaustion time (P˂0.01) and decreased rest blood lactate (P˂0.01) while it did not have a significant effect on the maximal blood lactate.Also, there was no significant difference in the effects of exercises, supplement and exercises+supplement on the aerobic power, rest blood lactate and maximal blood lactate.Therefore, to improve sport performance and to increase aerobic power, L-carnitine supplement with the exercise can be used.

Background & aim: With the increasing number of elderly people, the prevalence of physical disabilities is increasing, which has caught the attention of care, health and social systems. One of the common problems in aging is the reduction of balance and posture disorder, joint instability, decreased muscle nervous function, muscle mass, strength, motor endurance, aerobic capacity, and increased incontinence and urinary frequency. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of subarachnoid aerobic exercises on urinary control, balance and aerobic capacity of elderly women. Methods: The present is a case-control study was conducted in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the study were women with urinary incontinence problems in Urmia who volunteered to participate in this research after being called in health centers. Based on the criteria for entering the study, twenty-four women aged 60 to 65 years old were selected. Familiarization with the method of conducting the study was done 24 hours prior to the beginning of the training, and then completed with the consent and urinary incontinence questionnaire. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of aerobic training group and the control group. In the next step, the participants were asked to complete the health and urinary incontinence questionnaires 24 hours before the onset of the exercise program. The experimental group performed 12 weeks of aerobic exercises and completed the questionnaires again 24 hours after the 6th and 12th sessions. First, the K-S test confirmed the naturality of the data. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: No significant difference was seen in the aerobic group after 12 weeks of aerobic training in volume and frequency of subjects (p=1), but in the closed static balance (p=0. 001), open eye balance (p=0. 001), dynamic balance (p=0. 001) and aerobic capacity (p=0. 001). Conclusion: Subarachnoid aerobic exercises had no significant effect on the incontinence and frequency of urination in elderly women. However, due to the greater influence on the aerobic capacity and balance of elderly women, it is suggested that this practice be used to improve the quality of life of these individuals.

Introduction: Appropriate nutrition is an essential prerequisite for effective improvement of athletic performance, conditioning and recovery from fatigue after exercise, and avoidance of injury. Nutritional supplements containing carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals have been widely used in various sporting fields to provide a boost to the recommended daily allowance. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring, lipid-soluble compound that has been marketed for use by endurance athletes as an ergogenic aid. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of coQ10 dietary supplementation on athletics’ physiological factors such as: aerobic power, peak power, min power, average power and fatigue index.Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, we studied 20men football players (age 30±2.22, weight 72.85±8.64 kg, height175.75±6.04cm, BMI23.50±1.90). Double-blind, placebo controlled method was employed. Players were divided randomly into two groups, oral CoQ10 group (DG) and placebo group (PG). Players in both groups performed RAST and Cooper test both before and after giving 100mg per day CoQ10 or placebo for 6 weeks to determine physiological factors such as aerobic power, peak power, min power, average power and fatigue index. We used paired t test and independent t test to analyze the data Independent t test were performed and p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: DG group demonstrated improvements in aerobic endurance over the course of the study and there was significant difference (P=0.016) between the two groups. Supplementation with CoQ10 has no measurable effect on peak power (P=0.933), min power (P=0.258), average power (P=0.625) and fatigue index (P=0.569).Conclusion: Oral CoQ10 has measurable effect on aerobic endurance. The result of this study showed that at the end of the six week there was no difference between the two groups concerning peak power, min power, average power, and fatigue index.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the noise-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between maximum aerobic power and coronary heart disease risk factors. Fifty nine male subjects (age=21.15±2.55 yr, height=174±6.83 cm, weight=70.26±12.62 kg) were selected randomly from Khoramabad Azad University. Subjects took the 1.5-mile test. We measured weight, height, abdominal circumference, hip circumference and also skin fold in chest, abdomen, thigh to determine %BF. Finally, we determined coronary heart disease risk factors such as TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, TC/HDL and WHR. To analyze data, Pearson correlation coefficient was used and minimal level of significance was (P<0.05). The results showed that there was a reverse significant relationship between maximum aerobic power and TG, LDL-C, WHR, FFM, BF% and BMI (P<0.01) and TC (P<0.05) whereas there is not a significant relationship between maximum aerobic power and HDL-C and TC/HDL. The results showed that physical activity can influence body composition and satisfactory effect on serum lipids. An increase in physical activity level causes a decrease in CHD risk factors.